pams

Description

Implements Profile Analysis via Multidimensional Scaling (PAMS) for the identification of population-level core response profiles from cross-sectional and longitudinal person-score data. Each person profile is decomposed into a level component (the person mean) and a pattern component (ipsatized subscores). PAMS uses nonmetric multidimensional scaling via the SMACOF algorithm to identify a small number of core profiles that represent the central response patterns in a sample of any size. Bootstrap standard errors and bias-corrected and accelerated (BCa) confidence intervals for individual core profile coordinates are estimated, enabling significance testing of coordinates that is not available in other profile analysis methods such as cluster profile analysis or latent profile analysis. Person-level weights, R-squared values, and correlations with core profiles are also estimated, allowing individual profiles to be interpreted in terms of the core profile structure. PAMS can be applied to both cross-sectional data and longitudinal data, where core trajectory profiles describe how response patterns change over time. Methods are described in Kim and Kim (2024) <doi:10.20982/tqmp.20.3.p230>, de Leeuw and Mair (2009) <doi:10.18637/jss.v031.i03>, and Kruskal (1964) <doi:10.1007/BF02289565>.

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